Panjabi [2] operationally defined the NZ based on the finding that a motion segment does not return to its initial position after loading in a particular direction. This residual displacement, which ...

The integrations needed to determine beam deflections require the enforcement of the appropriate displacement and rotation boundary conditions (BCs). It is important that we be able to recognize these ...

This paper presents results of a study to assess the optimum slope of load-deflection curve to be used in bending Young's modulus calculation. Bending tests were carried out in accordance with ...